AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY - Essay Example Rough gatherings like Ku Klux Klan threatened and executed numerous blacks; whites who felt for blacks were thumped and killed. Different gatherings that were on the side of bondage contained; the White League, that began from white reservists in Grant Parish, Louisiana, in 1874 and the Red Shirts that began in Mississippi. These progressive associations rose in the South during the mid-1870s and were increasingly engaged in testing Republican governments, upsetting the dark vote and achieving political objectives (Hine and Harrold, 38-39). In contrast to southerners, northerners were firmly against servitude. They dedicated their lives to making sure about dark opportunity. As time went on numerous individuals joined in the battle to end imprisonment and numerous slaves were helped getaway toward the North trough mystery courses. Blacks were likewise themselves against servitude. They sorted out gatherings, for example, American Society of Free Persons of Color, which furnished social guide to poor blacks and arranged responses to policy centered issues and Black church that rose to be the essential issue of the Black people group. It filled in as a position of love, instructive focus, a spot where African legacy was praised. Despite the fact that there existed solid power against Black opportunity: bondage, some African Americans that were chosen pioneers, for example, Abraham Lincoln, Hiram Revels among numerous others that came to Congress from South Carolina, Georgia, and Mississippi were additionally firmly against subjugation. They were for the Blacks opportunity. These new legislators offered backing to the Republicans and carried further advancements to their lives. Schools for dark youngsters set up since they were not allowed to get same schools together with whites. These â€Å"separate however equal† organizations were so significant in forming the lives of blacks as they had the option to learn and fabricate their qualities unreservedly without separation. This

Achieving Emphasis in Essay Text

Accomplishing Emphasis in Essay Text One of the most significant parts of value exposition, article, novel or some other kind of paper is getting and holding reader’s attention. In request to ensure yourâ essays or articles are perused through and through, I’m going to show you various ways you can accomplish accentuation in content. All things considered, you don’t need your teacher, customer, or guest of your blog or site to think the content is exhausting and quit understanding it, isn't that so? Getting someone’s consideration notâ only requires fascinating and enlightening substance. You need to realize how to appropriately underscore certain pieces of the content. What I like the most about accentuating content is that you can do as such from various perspectives. This permits you to actualize differentâ essay strategiesâ while composing. Content gadgets Back in time, individuals couldn’t depend on different highlights in MS Word to accomplish visual accentuation in content. So as to achieve this, they utilized underlining in the typescript. At that point, typesetter in the print shop would utilize italic text style for the underlined words. Indeed, even today, one of the most well-known and simplest methods of stressing content is to Italianize or underline the expression or a solitary word. With assortment of choices we need to make certain expressions of expressions outwardly stick out, it’s critical to utilize them appropriately. Here are a few models. Italics †inconspicuous worrying of the words, gives light accentuation Underline †utilized for accentuation of complete expression, more unyielding than italics Intense †used to have solid effect and make pressure Size †greater text styles stick out, while little textual styles retreat. In any case, you ought to be mindful so as not to blend text dimensions excessively or content would look unappealing. In a perfect world, utilize greater textual styles for subheadings and section titles, while standard text dimension ought to be utilized for content Accentuation! †for instance, shout mark adds additional accentuation to the whole sentence, yet you should utilize them sparingly. At the point when utilized unreasonably, outcry marks don’t accomplish wanted impact Visual cues †causing to notice significant data to exhibit key realities and it’s additionally engaging simultaneously Shading †more splendid hues stand apart more and they are utilized for accomplishing greater effect while darker shading are increasingly unobtrusive. Game plan and selection of words Other than different content gadgets, you can tell your perusers that what follows in content is significant by utilizing explicit words to communicate the accentuation for example especially, essentially, furthermore, most importantly, above all and so forth. You can likewise make an incredible accentuation by rehashing certain words or expressions for example watchwords. This additionally improve aâ cohesive impact. Normally, you should keep this impact direct and endeavor not to rehash certain expressions to an extreme. Something else, complementing a few pieces of the content wouldn’t cause wanted effect on peruser. Model: There are couples who hate each another irately for a few hours in turn; there are couples who despise each other for all time; and there are couples who never loathe each other; yet these last are individuals who are unequipped for detesting anyone. (George Bernard Shaw) Another method of underscoring content is to leave from the essential basic examples of the language. For instance, reversal of subject-action word object design into object-subject-action word express is an extraordinary thought. Model: He was cutting the garden to pursue away the boredom†¦ The garden he was cutting to pursue away the boredom†¦ In a perfect world, words or expressions you’d like to highlight ought to be put close to beginnings or endings of sentences. Additionally, you should never put words you need to underline in subordinate provisos! Model: You can’t deny the way that innovation has had an amazing effect onto business world today. Certainly, the effect of innovation onto business world today has been incredible. Different approaches to accomplish accentuation Utilize an inquiry after arrangement of explanations Spot subordinate provision before primary proviso Incorporate short sentences (utilizing assortment sentences causes content to appear to be uneven, however including them every once in a while keeps readers’ consideration and underscores specific piece of content) Utilize differentiating words or expressions. While adding accentuation to content you’re thinking of you ought to maintain a strategic distance from some regular snares that accompany want to make something stick out. Continuously remember that balance is the key and ensure you don’t try too hard. Moreover, consistency is the key especially when utilizing visual devices to underscore the content. I ensured the article contains simple tips and deceives that you can without much of a stretch execute into your future errands or school ventures. With these basic hacks, you’ll keep readers’ consideration and make your work outwardly engaging simultaneously. Isn’t that what we as a whole need in any case?

Blog Archive MBA News Business School May Not Pay Off for Many

Blog Archive MBA News Business School May Not Pay Off for Many An article in this week’s Wall Street Journal  (WSJ) suggests that in light of the boom in business school graduates, the value of an MBA may not be what it once was. The median pay for graduates with three years of experience or less fell in 2012, down 4.6% from 2007â€"2008. With rising tuition costs and a mounting average debt, students at lower-ranked business schools may especially have difficulty securing a desirable job upon graduation. The article suggests that in addition to an ailing economy,  one of the challenges to the value of a business degree has been the increased popularity of such programs among less competitive schools and the introduction of part-time and executive degree programs. The Atlantic points out that the impact of this oversaturation of MBAs on average salary statistics should not be surprising: “Mediocre students who graduate from mediocre graduate programs aren’t going to suddenly find themselves working for Goldman Sachs.” Steve Vonderweidt, a social services administrator who earned his MBA from the University of Louisville, is profiled by the WSJ as one case in which a less prestigious degree has failed to pay off, as Vonderweidt finds himself burdened with $75,000 in debt and unable to find work in the private sector. Graduates of top-tier business schools, however, may fare better. According to Bloomberg Businessweek, some schools, such as Chicago Booth, defied the odds, with the average Chicago Booth graduate’s salary rising 7% since 2010, a trend that seems to hold for most of the top-ranked programs. Still, even among the leading schools, salary averages may not account for the actual variances in what the typical MBA can expect to earn, which are affected by such variables as years of work experience and industry choice. Although the average salary for Harvard Business School graduates in 2012 was $125,085, those working in the financial field made, on average, predictably more ($138,164) than those working for nonprofits ($77,591). All of this reinforces the idea that getting into a high-ranking school is crucial and that prospective students are well advised to do the research necessary to have realistic expectations of their earning potential. Share ThisTweet News

The Most Influential Religions Of The World Are...

The most prominent religions in the world are Christianity and Islam. Christianity is based on the teachings, beliefs, and practices of Jesus, while Islam is based on what Prophet Muhammad founded and taught, which includes the principle of total submission to Allah. When comparing the two religions, it is made apparent that there are a lot of differences in topics such as worship, practices, salvation, Jesus’s role, and many other things, which show the strength and weaknesses in both religions, and through those strengths and weaknesses it is made clear that Christianity is the more plausible religion.When comparing both religions, the first thing that separates them are the place of worship. Christians can worship in various places such as a church, Chapel, a Cathedral, and even from their home by watching their church live or watching other churches on television, which can be convenient because something would happen where a Christian would not be able to attend church, h e or she could watch his or her church live from a computer or cell phone, listen to a church program on the radio, or watch a church program on television. On the other hand, Muslims do not have that broad of a list for a place of worship. The Muslims worship place is a Mosque. The Mosque is where a Muslim goes to pray with other Muslims. Although Muslims can pray anywhere a mosque is preferred because Islam teaches that Muslims should be around other Muslims to get to know each other better and toShow MoreRelatedChristianity And Islam : Islam937 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM.† Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world, with over 2 billion Christian, and 1.5 billion Muslim followers. Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ approximately 2000 years ago in Palestine. Bible is collection of 66 books containing a message from God. The Muslim name for God is Allah. Islam is based on revelations received by the prophet Mohammad and originated in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Quran, is the Islamic sacred text. Both are monotheisticRead MoreCompare and Contrast Christianity and Islam921 Words   |  4 PagesContrast Christianity and Islam In Wikipedia religion is definedâ€Å"A religion is an organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and worldviews that relate humanity to an order of existence.† There are approximately more than four thousand religion in the world. Christianity and Islam are part of the major significant religion. Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ approximately 2,000 years ago; Christianity is one of the most influential religions in world history. Christianity developedRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, and Islam1538 Words   |  6 PagesJudaism, Christianity and Islam Christianity and Islam are the most influential religions in the world. Judaism has only fourteen million followers across the continents which makes Judaism the 12th largest religion. Although Judaism is not as large as Christianity and Islam, It still has an impact on the world. Prophet Abraham is the called in Islam the father of all prophets and because of that, sometimes Christianity, Islam and Judaism are called Abrahamic Religions. There are many known differencesRead MoreGlobal Religions of Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism1054 Words   |  4 Pagestime for the rise of new, global religions such as Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity. The spread of these new religions all shared certain unique aspects of spreading. These three religions shared what made them global and universal. Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism, fit the definition of world religion for the reasons that they each were not culturally specific nor gender specific, incorporated other religions and appealed to al l social classes and these religions spread by way of war and conquestsRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1087 Words   |  5 PagesJudaism, Christianity, and Islam are among the best known and most widely practiced religions today, and have had enormous cultural, ideological, and historical impact on the peoples of every continent. Arguably more so than any other ideological systems, Abrahamic religion has been among the most influential forces in human history. The shared elements of their traditions have allowed them to develop in part through a multi-faceted dialogue with each other. These faiths, despite sharing a commonRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Islam1152 Words   |  5 PagesCommonalities, Differences, and Consequences Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are among the best known and most widely practiced religions today, and have had enormous cultural, ideological, and historical impact on the peoples of every continent. Arguably more so than any other ideological systems, Abrahamic religion has been among the most influential forces in human history. The shared elements of their traditions have allowed them to develop in part through a multi-faceted dialogue with eachRead MoreIslam s Views On Islam Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pages Islam is one of the largest religions in the world, with over 1 billion followers. It is a faith based on revelations received by the Prophet Muhammad in Saudi-Arabia 17th century. The Arabic word Islam which means â€Å"submission,† reflecting the faith s central tenet of submitting to the will of God (Islam). Muslims are the followers of Islam. Christianity’s is one of the most influential religions in history. It’s based on the teachings of Jesu s Christ 2,000 years ago. Based on the life andRead MoreThe Contribution of Prophets in History858 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of a prophet is an old one. In the Greek religion there were prophets of Zeus, Apollo, and other gods. The Bible refers to prophets of Yahweh, Baal, and other regional deities. Christians refer to John the Baptist as a prophet of the Christian god, and Muslims refer to Muhammad as the Prophet, the last and greatest of the prophets of Allah. According to what the prophets did we can say that their main purpose was conveying religious guidance to people. But history has also shown thatRead MoreThree Religions : One God1467 Words   |  6 PagesThree Religions: One God Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are three of the most influential religions in the world. Together, they account for almost four billion followers. These religions are usually referred to as the Abrahamic religions. This is because they all claim Abraham as an important pillar of their faith. Christianity, Islam, and Judaism have many things in common, including a main place of worship and holy book, but within these similarities are some major differences. ChristianityRead MoreThe Rise Of Islamic Civilization872 Words   |  4 Pagescondemning Islam, Islam needs to be studied by those who are sincere.† Knowledge of other religions and understanding of other beliefs is important. People, as Christians, need to understand the basis of not just Islam itself, but its larger role in today’s society. Islam has not only impacted culture of the past, but western civilization today, it shows similarities and differences to the Christian faith, and has also been perceived harshly in light of the current events around the world. First

Self-discovery in Toni Bambora´s The Lesson and Liliana...

The diverse and powerful topic of socioeconomic can be explored to develop characters and the overall theme of a story. Two literary stories in particular, â€Å"The Lesson† by Toni Bambara and â€Å"The Stolen Party† by Liliana Heker, have used socioeconomic status to create a second theme of self-discovery. The main characters in each of these two stories are young girls who discover their adult selves by the end. A low socioeconomic status was a part of each character’s character development in â€Å"The Lesson† and â€Å"The Stolen Party†, which ultimately forced them down a path of self-discovery. Good Start In both of these literary works, the low socioeconomic status of the main characters is made well known to the reader early on. This status is†¦show more content†¦She brings the children into a nice toy store and they are shocked by what they see. Soon, Sylvia and the others begin to realize the prices of some of these toys, and h ow they could never afford any of them. She says, â€Å"Who are these people that spend that much for performing clowns and $1000 for toy sailboats? What kinda work they do and how they live and how come we aint in on it?† This quote indicates Sylvia’s realization that while she is struggling to afford necessary basics to survive, some people in the city are so rich that they can spend excessive amounts of money on just toys. Going into the toy store was Sylvia’s moment of self-discovery in the story, and more specifically, her moment of discovering an adult self. She grew up a little that day as Miss Moore’s lesson finally got through to her. As a naà ¯ve child, she did not find it important to listen to what the lesson was. But, once she saw a real example, she became upset and overwhelmed with confusion. The lesson finally made sense to her and applied to her life. Sylvia’s economic status allowed her to make this difficult self-discovery. In à ¢â‚¬Å"The Stolen Party†, Rosaura is the main character, also a young girl who is financially disadvantaged. Her mother is a maid for a rich family. Rosaura is very excited to be invited to the rich family’s party for their daughter, but her mother does not share her excitement. Her mother tries to explain

“It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the...

â€Å"It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest.† This is a quote from the book Wealth of Nations, which Adam Smith wrote, addresses well about why and what reason people work for. The butcher, the brewer, or the baker does not cut, stir, or bake because they want to please the customer or to feed the poor, but to earn money and for their own happiness. Adam Smith, who fully understood the concepts of capitalism and free market system, became one of the most well respected economists throughout the world. Smith became famous because of his philosophy of economics. Because of his thoughts on economics, today he is well known as the â€Å"father of†¦show more content†¦The first book is â€Å"Of the causes of improvement in the productive powers of labour, and of the order according to which its produce is naturally distributed among the different ranks of the people ,† the second book is â€Å"Of the Nature, Accumulation, and Employment of Stock,† the third book is â€Å"Of the different progress of Opulence in different Nations,† and the fourth books is â€Å"Of Systems of political Economy,† and the last fifth book is â€Å"Of the Revenue of the Sovereign or Commonwealth.† The first book, â€Å"Of the causes of improvement†¦,† talks about the division of labor and the wage of labors. According to Smith, there are three advantage of division of labor. First, it increases the employees’ dexterity; second it decreases the amount of time it consumes to make the product; and third reason is that because of the many inventions of machine, each employee can perform the work of many. Smith thought division of labor is important because labors can be more efficient if they are specialized in specific work. Also, in the first book of Wealth of Nations Smith also explains why the wages of individual profession is different. The five following are the principal circumstances which, so far as I have been able to observe, make up for a small pecuniary gain in some employments, and counter-balance a great one in others: first, the agreeableness or disagreeableness of the employments themselves; secondly, the easiness and cheapness, or theShow MoreRelatedDiscuss Smith s Ideas On The Division Of Labour1073 Words   |  5 Pagesstate. Adam Smith can be seen as pioneering in questioning the role of the state, as he was seemingly the first to propose a systematic model of the economy that was independent of the state. He attempts to explain how society should organise economics from the perspective of what is naturally occurring. In doing this he finds that what should be and what can be are profoundly interlinked. This revolutionary thinking went against mercantilism, which was the dominant approach of the time period. MercantilismRead MoreCapitalism : Is Capitalism Good?946 Words   |  4 Pagesanswer to the question â€Å"is capitalism good?† The Dawn of Capitalism and its Opposition The advent of the ideal of capitalism is often attributed to Adam Smith. Sometimes called â€Å"The Father of Economics,† Smith was an 18th century moral philosopher from Scotland. Smith is perhaps most known for writing the book â€Å"An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.† In this book Adam Smith considers and advances the ideas of the division of labor, the invisible hand, the pursuit of self-interestRead MoreAdam Smith was born in Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland on an unknown date. While the exact birth date of600 Words   |  3 Pageshe states, â€Å"It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we can expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest† (Smith, 1776). What he means by this is that although these people help us in putting together our meals and feeding ourselves, at the end of the day they are doing it in order to make enough money to put food on their own tables as well. A butch er does not work all day long because he wants to feed the world; a butcher works all day long inRead More Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations - The Natural Order is Driven by Man’s Self-interest847 Words   |  4 Pagesof Nations argues for a system of political economy that separates economy – the creation and distribution of wealth – from governmental interference. In Smith’s view, the economy of a nation grows as a direct consequence of private business ventures in the interest of each individual owner. Regulation by the government hurts the economy, and the progress of society is derived from the flow of the market. Things should be left in their natural states, thus maintaining a â€Å"natural order† of society.Read MoreThe Shareholder Approach For Managerial Responsibility Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pagescounterpoints, and ultimately argue that Friedman’s conclusion is a correct and normative view of the moral responsibility fr om the perspective of management in a non-private company. The shareholder approach to managerial moral responsibility has a few main points that are necessary to address in explaining Friedman’s argument, especially in the context of distinguishing the approach from other arguments that have been suggested as alternative approaches. Friedman’s first two arguments are similarRead MoreThe Differences Between Services Offering From Customer Service868 Words   |  4 PagesThe differences between services offering from customer service are their idiosyncratic characteristics exist. The meaning of productivity differentiates from efficiency and operation because both identify some glitches in measuring productivity, especially in a service setting, (Johnston Jones, 2004, p.3-4). They also examined the relationship between operational and customer productivity. Zeithami, Bitner, Gremler (2013) distinguished service offering as a host of new services that was notRead MoreIs A Wealthy Nation A Prosperous Nation?1399 Words   |  6 PagesSmith claiming that self interest results in prosperity. Stating that when a government allows free trade, meaning everyone may exchange goods as they please, it would result in universal opulence. This of course will happen with very little help from the government. I will explain his three elements on what he believes brings universal prosperity, which includes: self interest, limited government, and a free market economy. Smith begins his theory on prosperity by introducing self-interest. HeRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Greed Essay1157 Words   |  5 Pagesobtain a higher level of satisfaction economics expects that person to do so. The problem with trying to examine greed in an economic context is that it is too closely related to ideas of straight profit maximization. For example, if a consumer who loves apples has a choice between a basket containing three apples or a basket containing four apples for the same price she would obviously choose the basket containing four apples. The consumer in our example cannot be considered greedy for tryingRead MoreThe Great Ideas Of Thomas Hobbes Leviathan, And Adam Smith s The Wealth Of Nations1083 Words   |  5 Pageshow our idea of social order changes once these aspects are taken into consideration. Hobbes’ theory of human nature begins with him stating that all men are created equal. With all men being created equal, this means that everyone is equally capable of killing each other, because while, â€Å"there may be found one man sometimes manifestly stronger in body,† the weaker may be compensated for by his â€Å"quicker mind.† This equality of ability produces equality of hope for the attaining of our goalsRead MoreThe Morality of Capitalism2662 Words   |  11 PagesStates, we are members of the leading capitalist economy in the world. Our production and distribution is mostly done privately and we operate in a â€Å"profit† or â€Å"market† system. The capitalist system has been a target for criticism throughout the last three hundred years and is being discussed now more than ever due to the recent recession and financial crisis (Shaw and Barry n.d., 1). Its effects, structure, varieties, and possibilities provide for a large field of study and writers from several

Social Informal Learning Activities †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Social Informal Learning Activities. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate the project management methodologies that could be helpful for Michael Chiozza in manner to raise the three industries including energy and power generation, IT services and mining sector. This report would be helpful in deciding the methodology that could be beneficial for all the three sectors and raise them from bottom to top. The Continuing professional development is capable of serving the purpose of the need of membership of the professional body. It can be helpful in delivering proper review, document learning and reflect the documents (Moon 2013). At last but not the least it can also be used to develop innovative and new professional skills and management for the enhancement of the performance of the sectors mentioned above. Critical Analysis of the Project Management Practices: Critical analysis of management practices that includes planning the objectives and activities that will be executed during the whole project cycle. It can only be executed after the approval of all the stakeholders agreed to the change that is about to be implemented within the sectors. Project definition Description overview Determining business drivers, and exchange migration Objectives Setting the goals for the overall project Scope Determining features of exchange Initiation Assigning roles and responsibilities for each stakeholders Risks assessment Proper identifying the risks then managing how to assess them. Approaches The manner of unfolding and proceedings of the project migration Closure Proper documents with initials of the stakeholders. Project Management Frameworks: The manager of any project need to choose a framework for the whole project that is efficient and effective for the project and that can helps in delivering the project within the expected time. Earlier the organization was struggling on which framework the organization could reach to their estimated goal. It PRINCE2 has been recommended as the best framework approach to raise the sectors (Kerzner 2013). Benefits Explanation Best practice It is being practiced from long ago and has led to the accomplishment of many projects. Compatible with all the three sectors It can be easily compatible with the projects irrespective of size of the project. The three sectors mentioned can be achieved successfully with the implementation of this methodology. Delivers the structure for the roles and accountability This methodology emphasis on providing roles and responsibilities for each individual involved in the project. Focus is on achieving the goal within the schedule The main focus is not only completion of the project rather it emphasizes on the completion of project within the schedule. (Schwalbe 2015) Best management practices Provides risk assessment management that lead the project to be successful without any delay and error free. Practicing this could help the managers to eliminate and minimize the risks to the extent level. Regular audit throughout the whole life-cycle of the project Regular auditing provides the estimation for the must activities and comparing the regular progress with the expected goals of the organization. Critical Analysis of the Project Management Outputs within the Life Cycle: The sum of the deliverables and outlines of the unique post project that is contributing to the output of the whole project has been discussed here. One of the interesting components if the ideal concept of the output has been it has been coming from the result of the input to the success process (Joslin and Muller 2015) The output can be in any form, may be written in long format or short format or might be verbal. It could be a formalized material that could be helpful in informing the data and information related to the project execution and completion to the stakeholders involved in the project. Conclusion: Based on the facts stated earlier it can be stated that identifying the proper strategies can be helpful for the [professional development. These facts can be helpful in determining the roles and responsibilities of the individual involved in the project. The framework and practices that has been stated can let the manager to achieve the stated project sectors successfully. It was the need for the manager to allocate proper responsibilities for the employees based on their skills. This represents also focused on the ways by which the manager could control the outputs of the firms or industries. Bibliography: Baldwin, M., 2016.Social work, critical reflection and the learning organization. Routledge. Beske, P., Land, A. and Seuring, S., 2014. Sustainable supply chain management practices and dynamic capabilities in the food industry: A critical analysis of the literature.International Journal of Production Economics,152, pp.131-143. Braglia, M. and Frosolini, M., 2014. An integrated approach to implement project management information systems within the extended enterprise.International Journal of Project Management,32(1), pp.18-29. Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Cicmil, S., Cooke-Davies, T., Crawford, L. and Richardson, K., 2017, April. Exploring the complexity of projects: Implications of complexity theory for project management practice. Project Management Institute. Coppola, D., D'Ambrogio, A. and Gianni, D., 2016. Bringing Model-based Systems Engineering Capabilities to Project Management: an Application to PRINCE2. InCIISE(pp. 6-15). Gerken, M., Beausaert, S. and Segers, M., 2016. Working on professional development of faculty staff in higher education: investigating the relationship between social informal learning activities and employability.Human Resource Development International,19(2), pp.135-151. Gido, J., Clements, J. and Clements, J., 2014.Successful project management. Nelson Education. Harris, A., Day, C., Hopkins, D., Hadfield, M., Hargreaves, A. and Chapman, C., 2013.Effective leadership for school improvement. Routledge. Hegazy, T., 2013.Computer-Based Construction Project Management: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed. Joslin, R. and Mller, R., 2015. Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts.International Journal of Project Management,33(6), pp.1377-1392. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leach, L.P., 2014.Critical chain project management. Artech House. Lgar, F., Borduas, F., Freitas, A., Jacques, A., Godin, G., Luconi, F. and Grimshaw, J., 2014. Development of a simple 12-item theory-based instrument to assess the impact of continuing professional development on clinical behavioral intentions.PloS one,9(3), p.e91013. Machado, T.C.S., Pinheiro, P.R. and Tamanini, I., 2015. Project management aided by verbal decision analysis approaches: a case study for the selection of the best SCRUM practices.International Transactions in Operational Research,22(2), pp.287-312. McGrath, A. and McGrath, A., 2015. Getting under the bonnet of the managing benefits framework.Strategic HR Review,14(3), pp.103-104. Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International journal of project management,32(2), pp.202-217. Moon, J.A., 2013.Reflection in learning and professional development: Theory and practice. Routledge. Ribeiro, R.L.O., Do Valle, A.B., Soares, C.A.P. and Dos Santos, J.A.N., 2013. From Idea to Benefit: Project Portfolio Management using Front End Loading, The Standard for Portfolio Management and Prince2.International Journal of Management (IJM),4(5), pp.60-68. Snchez, M.A., 2015. Integrating sustainability issues into project management.Journal of Cleaner Production,96, pp.319-330. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Singh, R. and Lano, K., 2014. Literature Survey of previous research work in Models and Methodologies in Project Management.International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,5(9), pp.107-122. Too, E.G. and Weaver, P., 2014. The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1382-1394.

Cloning The new breakthrough of cloning is a great Essays (492 words)

Cloning The new breakthrough of cloning is a great advance in biotechnology. The use of cloning can be both beneficial and harmful to society. There are many reasonable ways to use the methods of cloning. For instance, the use for medical purposes can be helpful in cases such as producing animals with human body systems that could be used for transplanting organs. It can be a valuable asset to our society in that way. It can be harmful if it is opened for use in the general public because it could cause many problems if the wrong people become involved with it. As stated in Times Magazine, this is a breakthrough in technology and it is impossible for the government to forbid anyone to not use cloning. It is a new law of nature that is being defied and the government cannot take that away. In the field of medicine, cloning can be a very useful technique. It is not only just being able to reproduce the genes, but to be able to transfer them and to study them . It would be possible to study organs of the human body to learn how they can alter them to cause them to regenerate after injury. Also, the ways of reproducing genes and copying DNA could help in finding cures for certain diseases and disorders. Scientists can take DNA from healthy cells and copy it then inject it into an unhealthy cell to cancel out the ? bad? genes . I do not agree with the use of cloning for human purpose in order for parents to ?choose ? their child. First, by reproducing characteristics that parents desire would foul up the diversity of society. If everyone was able to choose what characteristics his or her child would have, most people would opt for the characteristics of famous people who are either extremely smart or who are incredibly good looking. The generation of the ? clone people? would be so similar in ways of thinking and in personality and the world would become a very boring place, if that w ere the case. Besides the world becoming very boring, there are other factors to consider. The replication and copying of DNA can sometimes cause damage to the genetic code. In this case, it is possible for genetic disorders arise. If a sample of DNA is taken from a younger person to copy, that person could be carrying a code for some sort of disorder whose symptoms would not show until later in the person's life. Therefore, the exact code that would be copied to make another human carries that disorder. I think the new breakthrough is very interesting and has many unanswered questions .. There are many things that need to be sorted out such as who can use cloning and how it will be controlled so it does not cause problems. It would be terrible to see such a great breakthrough be abused by the wrong people.

Everson v. Board of Education - Religious Liberty

Everson v. Board of Education - Religious Liberty Under a New Jersey statute that allowed local school districts to fund the transportation of children to and from schools, the Board of Education of Ewing Township authorized reimbursement to parents forced to bus their children to school using regular public transportation. Part of this money was to pay for the transportation of some children to Catholic parochial schools and not just public schools. A local taxpayer filed suit, challenging the right of the Board to reimburse parents of parochial school students. He argued that the statute violated both the State and the Federal Constitutions. This court agreed and ruled hat the legislature did not have the authority to provide such reimbursements. Fast Facts: Everson v. Board of Education of the Township of Ewing Case Argued: November 20, 1946Decision Issued:  February 10, 1947Petitioner: Arch R. EversonRespondent: Board of Education of the Township of EwingKey Question: Did the New Jersey law authorizing reimbursement by local school boards for the costs of transportation to and from schools- including private schools, the majority of which were parochial Catholic schools- violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment?Majority Decision: Justices Vinson, Reed, Douglas, Murphy, and BlackDissenting: Justices Jackson, Frankfurter, Rutledge, and Burton  Ruling: Reasoning that the law did not pay money to parochial schools, nor did it support them directly in any way, New Jersey’s law reimbursing parents for transportation costs to parochial schools did not violate the Establishment Clause. Court Decision The Supreme Court ruled against the plaintiff, holding that the government was allowed to reimburse the parents of parochial school children for the costs incurred by sending them to school on public buses. As the Court noted, the legal challenged was based on two arguments: First, the law authorized the state to take money from some people and give it to others for their own private purposes, a violation of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Second, the law forced taxpayers to support religious education at Catholic schools, thus resulting in using State power to support religion - a violation of the First Amendment. The Court rejected both arguments. The first argument was rejected on the grounds that the tax was for a public purpose - educating children - and so the fact that it coincided with someones personal desires does not render a law unconstitutional. When reviewing the second argument, the majority decision, referencing  Reynolds v. United States: The establishment of religion clause of the First Amendment means at least this: Neither a state nor the Federal Government can set up a church. Neither can pass laws which aid one religion, aid all religions, or prefer one religion over another. Neither can force nor influence a person to go to or to remain away from church against his will or force him to profess a belief or disbelief in any religion. No person can be punished for entertaining or professing religious beliefs or disbeliefs, for church attendance or non-attendance. No tax in any amount, large or small, can be levied to support any religious activities or institutions, whatever they may be called, or whatever form they may adopt to teach or practice religion. Neither a state nor the Federal Government can, openly or secretly, participate in the affairs of any religious organizations or groups and vice versa. In the words of Jefferson, the clause against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect a wall of separation between Church and State. Amazingly, even after admitting this, the Court failed to find any such violation in collecting taxes for the purpose of sending children to a religious school. According to the Court, providing for transportation is analogous to providing police protection along the same transportation routes - it benefits everyone, and therefore should not be refused to some because of the religious nature of their end destination. Justice Jackson, in his dissent, noted the inconsistency between the strong affirmation of the separation of church and state and the final conclusions reached. According to Jackson, the Courts decision required making both unsupported assumptions of fact and ignoring actual facts which were supported. In the first place, the Court assumed that this was part of a general program to help parents of any religion get their children safely and quickly to and from accredited schools, but Jackson noted that this was not true: The Township of Ewing is not furnishing transportation to the children in any form; it is not operating school busses itself or contracting for their operation; and it is not performing any public service of any kind with this taxpayers money. All school children are left to ride as ordinary paying passengers on the regular buses operated by the public transportation system. What the Township does, and what the taxpayer complains of, is at stated intervals to reimburse parents for the fares paid, provided the children attend either public schools or Catholic Church schools. This expenditure of tax funds has no possible effect on the childs safety or expedition in transit. As passengers on the public buses they travel as fast and no faster, and are as safe and no safer, since their parents are reimbursed as before. In the second place, the Court ignored the actual facts of religious discrimination which was occurring: The resolution which authorizes disbursement of this taxpayers money limits reimbursement to those who attend public schools and Catholic schools. That is the way the Act is applied to this taxpayer. The New Jersey Act in question makes the character of the school, not the needs of the children determine the eligibility of parents to reimbursement. The Act permits payment for transportation to parochial schools or public schools but prohibits it to private schools operated in whole or in part for profit. ...If all children of the state were objects of impartial solicitude, no reason is obvious for denying transportation reimbursement to students of this class, for these often are as needy and as worthy as those who go to public or parochial schools. Refusal to reimburse those who attend such schools is understandable only in the light of a purpose to aid the schools because the state might well abstain from aiding a profit-making private enterprise. As Jackson noted, the only reason for refusing to help children going to for-profit private schools is a desire not to aid those schools in their ventures - but this automatically means that giving reimbursements to children going to parochial schools means that the government is helping them. Significance This case reinforced the precedent of government money financing portions of religious, sectarian education by having those funds applied to activities other than direct religious education.

Insurance Industry in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Insurance Industry in the UK - Essay Example The performance and the challenges of insurance industry in Britain are set under examination in this paper. Emphasis is given on the market segmentation, the British demographics but also the buying trends of consumers in regard to the services of this type. Moreover, the competition and the opportunities of the British market – as it can affect the insurance industry are analytically explained using appropriate strategic models, such as the Porter’s Five Forces model and the PESTEL analysis. It is concluded that the insurance industry in UK is a sector with significant prospects but it is necessary that measures are introduced for the sector’s more effective monitoring – referring to the quality of services and the balance between services/ pricing which influences the level of competition developed in the specific industry. 2. Insurance Industry Overview – Market segmentation The British insurance market is the second most powerful globally; the sector’s employees are estimated to 313,000 (Efinancial careers 2011); in 2010, a decline was observed regarding the number of people working in the particular sector, reaching the 275,000 (Stern 2011), probably as a result of the pressures against the British economy; the continuous increase of premiums in the specific sector is rather a negative factor for the sector’s growth (British Insurance Premium Index 2011). In any case, the specific sector has a key role in the development of the British government’s policies – referring especially to the environmental plans and initiatives of the British government. The above fact is reflected in the cooperation in 2010 between the British government and CEOs from the country’s major firms in order to suggest an effective plan of action regarding the limitation of global climate risk - in ‘the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)’ (University of Cambridge 2010); the cooperation between the British government and the insurance sector is expanded further, including the joint activities undertaken for the limitation of the financial risks across the British market (Stobbart 2009). On the other hand, the risks in the particular industry can be high – especially because of the turbulences in the British financial market, under the influence of the global financial crisis (Guardian 2011). However, the industry’s position in the British market is significant – in fact, it has been proved that the particular sector ‘controls the 17% of the country’s stock market’ (Economy Watch 2011). The market segmentation could help the firms of the industry to increase their position in the local market; geographically, Britain can be divided into two major zones – in terms of business concentration: the greater London area, including City, is the centre of the country’s business activities; the rest of the co untry presents similar market (and economic) characteristics. In terms of behaviour, the British market could be also divided into two major parts, as above; in the greater London area, business activities influence the life of people, while outside London, emphasis is given on quality of life; however, the modes of living do not represent particular differentiation –

The Role of the Financial Manager MOD 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Role of the Financial Manager MOD 1 - Essay Example Facebook is owned by Mark Zuckerberg. According to Read Write Web (nd), â€Å"Zuckerberg launched Facebook from his Harvard dormitory room on February 4, 2004.† This is where people are able to exchange pictures, contacts, music, send messages and be in contact and make friends with other people just by sending them requests and after accepting you can be able to access their profile which has their personal information. As the owner, Mark Zuckerberg never had CPA and/or CFA designations but according to the Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia; He â€Å"studied psychology and computer science† The second example is Morningstar, Inc. This is owned by Joe Mansueto. According to United (2011), â€Å"Morningstar was subsequently founded in 1984 from his one-bedroom Chicago apartment In July 1999 Morningstar accepted an investment of US$91 million from SoftBank in return for a 20% stake in the company. The two companies had the previous year formed a joint venture in Japan. Morningstars initial public offering occurred on May 3, 2005, with 7,612,500 shares at $18.50 each. The manner in which Morningstar went public is notable. They elected to follow Googles footsteps and use the OpenIPO method rather than the traditional method. This allowed individual investors to bid on the price of the stock, and allowed all investors equal access. As of December 2008 Joe Mansueto owned approximately 57% of the outstanding shares in Morningstar.† Hence Joe Mansueto stopped being the Chief Finance Officer of the company in the Year 2008 When he become the Chief Executive officer after owning more than fifty percent of the shares. Joe Mansueto studied a degree in Business Administration hence he was an expert in running finances in his company. This has lead to tremendous growth of the company. Most of the CFO (Chief Finance Officer) are the individuals who founded their companies and after running them for some time and succeeding, they choose to hire someone to

Organisations and People Management Report Nationwide Building Society

Organisations and People Management Report Nationwide Building Society Nationwide is Worlds largest Building Society and one of the major players in the U.K. banking sector. Having one of the seven group members as an employee of Nationwide Building Society, this management report has been developed to critically evaluate certain aspects of Nationwide. In this report, we have wished to brief our readers about Nationwides business strategy, structure, culture, management and leadership. This will be followed by a conclusion of the groups review about the chosen organization and finally certain recommendations will be made. Index Contents Page 1. Introduction a. Terms of reference 3 b. Background 3 2. Methods a. Data collection methods 4 b. Issues and challenges 4 c. Analysis 4 3. Results a. Overview of corporate strategy business goals 5 b. Explanation of organisational structure 8 c. Analysis of organisational culture 11 d. Critical evaluation of Management Leadership practices 14 4. To end with a. SWOT analysis 17 b. Recommendations 18 c. Conclusions 18 5. References 20 6. Appendix-1 22 7. Appendix-2 23 8. Appendix-3 24 Organisations People Management Report Introduction Terms of reference: This report aims at providing an overview of Nationwide Building Society and critically evaluates its business strategy, structure, culture, leadership and management. The findings shall present some key features of the organization. Some recommendations provided at the end shall help the management of Nationwide to improve certain practices. Background: Nationwide Building Society, started its journey back in 1946 as carrying the name Provident Union Building Society in Ramsbury, Wiltshire, in 1848 it moved in Northampton as the Northampton Town and Country Freehold Land Society and finally in London as Co-operative Permanent Building society in 1884. Thriving on well-over 160 years glorious history and over hundred mergers, it has become the third largest mortgage provider and second largest savings provider in the UK. More significantly, Nationwide is the largest building society in the world (History (Nationwide Building Society, 2010)). Today Nationwides portfolio consists of over fourteen million customers, total assets over  £200 billion and over 900 outlets countrywide. Being the largest building society in the world (Corporate Responsibility report, 2008/09) Nationwide also thrives with its mutual heritage which made the enterprise unique among other financial industries in the marketplace. The CEO, Graham Beale described Nationwide Building Society in the following way in Corporate Responsibility report (2008/09, p.2): Being a building society makes us fundamentally different from the big banks we compete with. We dont have shareholders, we are owned by our members. So you set our agenda. Methods Data collection methods: To make this venture less difficult, we had an early start with regular group meetings every Wednesday 4pm at room M5 or Main Arts building. Minutes for each meet were maintained. In-depth qualitative and few quantitative data were obtained through a personal interview with a senior Branch Manager, personal observation (and one of our group members personal experiences as a nationwide employee), internet and company publications. Theory and ideas were culled from several books, journals and websites. Issues and challenges: This report is the product of combined efforts of all our hearts and minds and has been framed within a month. Due to limited time and fund, we could gain access to mostly branch level information. After a struggle for appointment, we had been able to explore Nationwide through a senior Branch Manager at local branch. No sensitive questions were asked and no rules were violated during the research process. Analysis: A pure qualitative analysis has been made with a combination of exploratory and descriptive approach using the following process suggested by Saunders et al (2009, p. 489-490) Summarizing : condensation of meanings Categorization : grouping of meanings Structuring: Ordering of meanings using narrative. Results Missions: To describe companys mission large companies publish a statement called mission statement which comprises of organisations purpose and general direction that they are going to follow, its guiding values, principals and goals (Lynch, 2000). Adcock et al. (1995, p.298) provide a comprehensive description on business organisations mission statement which as follows: A mission statement indicates how that organisation intends to fulfil main business objectives while recognising the legitimate interests of other stakeholders such as customers, employees, suppliers, and the communities in which the organisation operates. Hence the mission statement carries a significant value for the organisation in terms of companys business, service, and goals; it has to be dynamic, transparent and easy to understand by all classes of stakeholders, otherwise it could create a confusion among colleagues and customers alike (Trapp, 1999). In light of above argument Nationwides mission statement is below: As a UK based mutual we exist solely for the benefit of our members. We help them and their families meet their financial needs in a sustainable, responsible and secure way as we have done since 1846, in a manner that is open, honest, and fair. (Corporate Responsibility report, 2008/09, p4) Since a financial organisation, Nationwide clearly visualizes its mission by aforementioned statement; which is dynamic, transparent and easily understandable to all; especially about its history (1846), organisation structure (mutual), services (financial needs), qualities (sustainable, responsible and secure), accountability (members) and business strategy (open, honest and fair) and goal (meeting customers financial needs). Nationwides intention is not only generating asset and profit from the business, but also sharing its profit and providing world class financial services to better off its customers in an open, honest, fair and amicable atmosphere; where customers feel valued and secured to conduct their financial businesses. Goals: Mullins (2002, p126) describes the goals of an organisation are the reason for its existence. The activities of the organisation are directed to the attainment of its goals. A goal is a future expectation, some desired future state. It is something the organisation is striving to accomplish. Goals can be described number of ways; such as, the overall purposes of an organisation, the execution of specific requirements, and so on. The core difference between functions and goals of an organisation is, goals are more specific and they are determined by the inputs and outputs of that organisation. Goals can also be named as objectives that every organisation tends to achieve (Mullins, 2002). Goals create a number of functions for the organisation to accomplish. Such as firstly, goals provide a certain standard in organisational structure which help the staff-members to figure out the way of performing their necessary activities, and also help the management to find out the right direction of planning and decision-making towards success. Secondly, goals help to determine the technology that will be compatible with organisations structure to perform all activities securely and smoothly. Thirdly, goals can help reward systems to motivate and drive staff-members of the organisation to accomplish their individual and group tasks. Finally, goals can represent the organisation to the external clients; can evaluate the organisation for further improvement (products and services); also can help to set objectives as well as policies for the organisation (Kast and Rosenzweig, 1985). Being a financial organisation, Nationwide sets up its corporate goals on annual basis (April to following years March). Every year they run a seminar, called Employee Corporate Cascade to indicate corporate plans and goals. According to Employee Corporate Cascade conference presentation (2010) Nationwide declared its business goals based on customer, market positioning, income, profitability, efficiency, capital and liquidity which are as follows: Becoming number-one in customer service satisfaction position; Keeping position on as third largest mortgage and savings provider, obtaining 10% of main current account and 5% of other products provider in the whole UK retail banking market and generating profit contribution of  £50m+ for each business line; Generating Non-margin profit by 50%; Raising  £1bn+ profit in year 2010/11; Gaining cost income ratio 49%; Maintaining core tier1 (a regulation implemented by Bank for International Settlements on banks capital adequacy requirement to continue its business) solvency ratio of 12% or more. Comply with Individual Liquidity Guidance. Above goals are clearly drawing a sketch on Nationwides future and desired expectations; which will assist the management to frame out proper business strategies towards achieving its goals. Business strategy: According to Huczynski and Buchanan (2007, p 524), the direction in which an organisation moves is influenced by the decisions that are made about its strategy. Business strategy is a part of the corporate strategy of the company which related to companys business divisions. Tilles (1969) discuses the importance of having an explicit business strategy to expand the company, he explains without having a certain strategy it is difficult to integrate co-ordinated action with industrial effort. In addition, there are number of other good reasons for company to have an explicit business strategy. Firstly, for making people to or-ordinate each-other to achieve goals with mutual effort; secondly, for changing companys environmental conditions (Mullins, 2002). Without a proper business strategy the company runs like a ship without a captain; nobody knows where to go and what to do. In that situation members of the company may start working cross-purposes; top management may not be able to communicate with lower management who is suppose to drive the employees to set up their target towards the goal. If company continues in absence of a proper business strategy, the survival of that company may be in question. However creative effort is necessary to create a strategy; moreover, to make a strategy successful it may require adapting different methods in behaviour as well as basic change in the way of interactions among managers (Johnson and Scholes, 1998). Being the largest building society in the world, Nationwide is always well ahead with its business strategy which is one of the main instruments of its ongoing glorious success. Nationwides vision is to plan ahead for longer period rather than shorter term, because in short period of time the implementation of new strategy may not acquire proper success. However, Nationwides managers follow a flexible attitude in their business strategy; as they may amend the strategy if necessary. According to Corporate Responsibility report, 2008/09, in September 2009, Nationwide has set up its three years business strategy which includes three core strands. Such as: becoming the full service provider (for, mortgages, lending, savings, consumer banking, insurance, investments, protection and wealth planning); becoming a challenger brand in the U.K. financial market; offering traditional mutual (member-oriented) delivery model in business. From above discussion, it is tangible that Nationwides business strategy is absolutely explicit about what they want to achieve; which helps managers and employees to plan towards its goals and acquiring the successes accordingly. Organisational Structure Various academic literatures have defined the term organizational structure in various ways: As a framework in which organizations achieve their goals or as a division of activities in an organization and how they can be coordinated. However despite these varying views, most cooperate organizations will agree that structures exits to maintain procedures. According to (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007, p.446)the definition of a structure is a formal system of task and reporting relationship that control, coordinates and motivates employees so that they work together to achieve organizational goals. Mullins (2002, p.530) also defines it as the pattern of relationships among positions in the organization and among members of the organization. Structure makes possible the application of the process of management and creates a framework of order and command to which the activities of the organization can be planned, organized, directed and controlled. Martinsons and Martinsons (1994) say ther e are three types of organizational structure; Functional, Divisional and Matrix Organizational Structure, in which one of these structures is relevant to Nationwide. Functional Structure: This structure depends on groups functions that are present in an organization. This type of structure originates from the beaucratic structure. It is most affective when there is division of work in the organization. Whats more this kind of structure creates the environment for specialization which helps in the functional areas and which helps to smoothen the progress of synchronization among its members (Martinsons and Martinsons, 1994). Divisional Structure: It is adopted by firms when they want to broaden their business and spread their product line. Based upon its different product or market, the company divides into separate units. Pascale (1990) explains the company breaks upon its operations into manageable units or little companies, which then operates under a mechanistic structure. Matrix Structure: This employs both the functional and divisional type of structures allowing a downwards control of its functional departments and coordination of its department. Since its a hybrid of two structures, it has two lines of authority with employees reporting to two bosses. (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007) Organizational structure helps in identifying the pattern of communication in an organization. The existence of a structure communicates the rules and regulations to the employees, as they are informed as to what is required of them in relation to their jobs. It also makes clear the rewards that are available to deserving employees, in terms of promotion etc. as well as elaborating the goals and objectives of the organization. Secondly, structures also identify authority and responsibilities associated with it by clarifying who makes the decision and who is accountable to whom. Decision making and information sharing is effectively carried out with the appropriate structures in place. When decisions are taken from top management, it is easily dropped down to the lower level management. In the same way the feedback from employees and lower levels easily get back to top management, which leads to job satisfaction. Finally, when the right organizational structure is implemented, it serves as a source of competitive advantage that can accrue economic efficiency and productivity for the organization. As rightly said by Drucker (1989, p.223) Good organization structure does not by itself produce good performance. But a poor organizational structure make good performance impossible, no matter how good individual managers may beà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.to improve organizational structure there for improve performance. Nationwide as an organization believes and recognizes the need to have a good structure to increase productivity and profitability. This is captured in Nationwide Chief Executives annual meeting report. There is no doubt that strong management and sound leadership really make a difference and are important qualities to get right in an executive team. Having the right structure in place to support the delivery of our corporate plan is critically important to our success (Corporate Responsibility Report, 2008/09). Please see Appendix-1 2 for full Organizational Structure Chart and current Management Structure of Nationwide. Nationwide is a mutual society, with its Headquarters in the U.K. It is one of the largest financial companies which deal with a number of profitable products with different customers. Nationwide as an organization implements the Functional form of structure. In this structure there are a number of boards of directors who play key role in the management of Nationwide, but do not interfere in the day to day activities of the society. They deal with major issues concerning Nationwide when it is deemed necessary. However, when it comes to the day to day running of Nationwide the Chief Executive is the one with such responsibility, he occupies the highest position in the hierarchy, with a number of executive directors who are accountable to him. They are, Chris Rhodes (Executive Director Group Product Marketing), Matthew Wyles (Executive Director Group Distribution), David Rigney (Executive Director Group Operations), Mark Remison (Executive Director Group Finance), Tony Prestedge (Executive Director Group Development) and Maxine Taylor (Divisional Director Corporate Affairs) (Management (Nationwide Building Society, 2010)). Beneath these departments are sub units, however attention will be given to the Executive Director and Group Distribution Department and its sub units, since the structure is the same for the various departments. This department has the Divisional Director who operates Branch Network, with assistance of the Regional Directors, Area Directors, District sales Managers and Branch Managers. All work at different levels of the hierarchy as represented by the organizational chart in Appendix-1. This enables Nationwide to assess how well these sub units perform; and if performance doesnt show satisfactory, managers can decide to take right approaches that need to be taken. Functions of key Departments: The Cooperate office headed by Maxine Taylor have the responsibilities of ensuring Nationwides vision, its strategy, goals, values and plans so that it workers can be motivated to give of their best performance. In its media relation and member engagements, it is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the name and image of Nationwide is well managed in the media, as Nationwide is U.Ks largest building society. This department also manages the Nationwide Foundation charity for the community, as it is committed in making a difference to peoples life. Nationwides Group Finance and Risk with Mark Rennison as the Executive Director are keen to ensuring that their financial objectives are achieved within the set time frame. This they do by ensuring that the Society performs favorably in the financial market and also managing any risk that may arise. They also look out for opportunities such as partnership, merger, and acquisition by investigating the financial benefits before any corporate decisions are taken. Division of Labor and Communication: In Nationwide each department has its own policies to control its day to day activities, even though rules are regulated from the top of the hierarchy. This enables the various managers to take charge of their departments, with the subordinates in those departments accountable to them. This type of structure allows the different departments to function independently but then reports directly to the CEO. The structure also enhances the communication pattern in Nationwide by enabling the various departments at all levels to engage in decision making and problem solving process. Coordination: In Nationwide, each department has given the autonomy to carry out its activities. However, each director in his given department is responsible for coordinating these various activities in his/her department in order to be productive. Nationwide has the Group Product and Marketing Department headed by Chris Rhodes. This department has the sole responsibility of developing products that will add value and meet the needs and expectations of their customers; thus the department needs to coordinate the various activities of its sub units .i.e. Banking, Lending, Investment, Insurance, Business Strategy Marketing Division in a harmonious manner, to achieve its departmental goals.. Organizational Culture For all of the enterprises the organizational culture has been regarded as one of the core competitiveness of corporation. It plays an important role in the process of construction and development of enterprises. As a rising management concept, the organizational culture can determine and influence the behavior of their workforce, members and visitors. Distinctive ethos of enterprises which include the values, beliefs and various patterns of behavior that forms in a long-term development of corporation. It endows the enterprises with vital force which can be a basic element that makes corporation survive, develop and become stronger in the future. However, the meanings of organizational culture may very in different enterprises. Generally, organizational culture can be defined as the collection of relatively uniform and enduring values, beliefs, customs, traditions and practices; which are shared by an organizations members, learned by new recruits and transmitted from one generation of employees to the next (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007, p. 623). Additionally, in Scheins (1985) Three Levels of Culture theory, the organizational culture can be considered from three levels which include the following steps: Surface manifestation of culture: The surface manifestation of culture is a visible form of culture which can be seen, heard or felt (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007, p. 625). For instance, the visible form of culture can be regarded as the organizational structure, system, and procedure which can be a norm of organization to condition or influence the behavior of employees. As the most reachable aspect that can be observed by people, the surface manifestation of culture can also help enterprises to transmit a message to their members, visitors and customers by the operating direction, the societal image and the belief of the organization (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007). In the case of Nationwide, the surface manifestation of culture can be reflected by their operating direction. Nationwide offers products and services including savings, current accounts, loans, mortgages, insurance and so on, which belongs to banking and financial services culture. Moreover, being a mutual organization, Nationwide has its particular corporate banking and financial culture which has been reflected in its aforementioned mission statement. Therefore, the core element which makes Nationwide quite different from any other banking organizations is the meaning of the members. The meaning of members can be explained as that once a person opens an account, he or she becomes the member of Nationwide. Hence Nationwide always considers its customers first due to its mutuality model because Nationwide does not have any shareholder and is oriented by its members. Therefore the goal of its operation is to generate profit and share that profit among the members offering world-class service, cheaper rate on borrowing, more return in investment and so on. According to the chart-1, it is tangible that Nationwides culture based on its CR strategy which comprises of four core elements. Such as, first: improving customers financial capability and become a responsible lender; second: supporting, helping and encouraging members in housing; third: implementing ethical choice in business to save environment, in particular reducing carbon foo tprint; fourth: engaging employees and members to support communities. Chart-1: Nationwides Corporate Responsibility Strategy The corporate values: The corporate values are the core of enterprise culture. It can be defined as operating philosophies or principles that guide enterprises internal conducts as well as its relationship with the external world. Core values are often shown in the mission statement. Based on Scheins (1985) three levels of culture, organizational values have been deemed as the second level which comprises of all sorts of public advocacy values; including mission, purpose, behaviors and standards which support the surface manifestation level. In addition, Peters and Waterman (1982) pointed out that values always combine with enterprise success and many relevant important elements which are staffs, skills, style and strategy. At the same time, values are offered a general direction for all the staffs and affect their behaviors. At Nationwide, one of the specific features is its mutuality. A mutual organization is based on the principle of mutuality. Unlike the co-operative society, members in mutual organization usually do not contribute any fund to the corporate directly; nevertheless the members derive their rights towards profits. Over 160 years of development, Nationwide has become a powerful society. Due to modern mutuality, it forms its unique traditional values to the customers. Banks pay back millions to their shareholders, where as Nationwide shares millions with its customers. Nationwide operates its strong organizational culture called Putting customers first which is based on five distinct values (Corporate Responsibility Report, 2008/09): Open: The Company is an inclusive organization membership that is open to all, and all of their members have a say in how the company run. Nationwide arranges the annual general meeting (AGM) every year which ask for members to take part to express their opinion. Each member can do this by voting on a series of issues. Fair: Nationwide treats customers fairly by offering better rewards those who entrust company with more of their businesses. Responsible: Nationwides business model is low risk, stable and sustainable. They safeguard customers money and data at all times. Unlike traditional business model of investment banks, Nationwide pursuits of low risk and stable in the process of development. Committed: Going the extra mile and taking level best care of customers are traditions of Nationwide. Nationwide always keep its promises, In Corporate Responsibility Report 2008/09, CEO, Graham Beale mentioned we say what we are going to do and then do it. Adult to adult: Nationwide believe in adult relationships. They dont patronize, rather they treat people as equal. Due to the modern mutual with values, customers are also owners who always reserve some special rights, notably the voting right. These are rights that people dont have if they are only customers of other ordinary bank. Customers in Nationwide have the opportunity to assist shaping how Nationwide to run. Each customer can observe whether Nationwide is treating customers equally and offers fairness, low risk, stability, sustainability in its products and services. The core value is obviously that putting customers first in Nationwide. Organizational Management Business Dictionary (2010) defines Management as Organization and coordination of the activities of an enterprise in accordance with certain policies and in achievement of clearly defined objectives. It includes the functions of POSDCORB (Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Co-ordinating, Reporting and Budgeting) and also managing the organizational culture and structure discussed previously. Often seen as one of the factor of production, the approach to management adopted differs with the size and function of the organization. Except the military and a few government and private bodies, most companies today are following the modern approach to management due to the various drawbacks of traditional management style like strict result orientation, use of fear force to get the work done, no care or importance given to employees interests, well-being and so on. Now the companies understand that the basic function of management of any service organization like a bank revolves rou nd the well being of the human resources both the officers and workmen staff  working within. (Sen Gupta, 2009) Banking is one of the most prominent among the 12 services classified under the services definition of GATS (General Agreement on Trade of Services). Nationwide certainly has a good hand over banking and being a large sized Building Society, its day-to-day management is primarily in the hands of the senior management team along with a large number of committees all under the power of the Board of Directors. The policies formulated by this Board of directors are implemented by the Chief Executive. With Centralized decision making in place, Nationwide takes good care of its employees and makes sure that they retain the best ones permanently. (Read Bolton and Gold, 1995, Career management at Nationwide Building Society using a soft systems approach.) Simple motivational techniques like praising the employees for the job saying well done; providing training when the performance is not satisfactory; offering good working conditions and facilities; running employee welfare programs; sendin g  £30 as Christmas surprise gift to every employee; and even a simple thank you makes a considerable difference in their performance. Another factor influencing the performance of a building society is market competition which has intensified over time especially in terms of savings and mortgages. Snape, et al. (1993) suggested the integration of business strategy and human resource strategy as a solution to this problem. They also mentioned that a more dynamic market, with a stronger emphasis on sales performance, placed new demands on employees, and many societies responded by espousing the ideals of human resource management. Bartel (2000) in her study confirms that Human resource management related actions have the potential to improve branch level performance in banking industry, but concludes by saying that even though all managers in a bank are given a formal set of human resource policies, they appear to have considerable discretion in their application. A lot of organizational performance also depends on the type of leader; his practices and they way groups are made and function. Groups in Nationwide: According to Nationwide Corporate Responsibility Report, 2008-09, Nationwide is classified into a large number of groups ranging from Branch Network, Intermediary Sales and Corporate Accounts, Business Planning and Research, Internet Channels, Telephone Channels, Channel Integration, Integration and Operations, Regional Brands and Regional Brands Branch Network. The Product and Marketing Division works in close liaison with these teams to build a high performance culture as the teams pull out all the stops to deliver an outstanding customer experience. These teams work in isolation towards achieving vital synergies that lead to significant reduction in their costs and improvement in sales performance. Leadership Business Dictionary (2010) def

Marine Corps Uniform In The 21st Century :: essays research papers

The Marine Corps Commandant General James L. Jones wants to lead the Marines into the 21st century with a new camouflage utility uniform. You may ask, why do the Marines need to differentiate their uniform from other branches; or why do the Marines need a new utility uniform at all. The answer to these questions can be summed up in two words: Forward Movement. Some Marines are having difficulties with the changes that have occurred as well as the changes that are coming. On 1 May 2000 General Jones began to start the transition from the old uniform to the new uniform. Three steps have been taken to change the way Marines look while in their uniform. First, Marines were no longer authorized to wear the brown undershirt. This movement came about to distinguish the corps">Marine Corps as an amphibious branch. The Army Soldier is authorized to wear the brown undershirt, and the Air Force Airman wears a black undershirt. Secondly, a new belt for the utility uniform is currently being implemented. The belts represent the individual Marine’s status in Martial Arts training. The â€Å"rigger’s belt† will be worn in five different colors: Tan, Grey, Green, Brown, and Black. The Marine has an option to don a new color once training for that level has been completed. Finally, the third change involves the utility uniform itself, also known as â€Å"cammies†, giving it a complete makeover. The current cammie design for all branches of the Armed Forces is over twenty years old. The textile industry has made many advances in the production of clothing providing more comfort and durability. Revolutionary advances within the clothing industry, Velcro and zippers, are being tested on the new cammie uniform. Velcro could be used instead of buttons on the pockets, and zippers may replace the buttons on the fly of the trousers. While on garrison duty, zippers may also be used on the blouse, to unzip the arm portion of the sleeve, to avoid rolling up the sleeves in garrison duty during hotter climates. The basic pattern of the cammie uniform will have a face-lift as well. With the exception of angled chest pockets for easier accessibility, the new utilities will have the same design appearance as the today’s cammie uniform. New material that requires no ironing will increase the durability of the cammie material. The material will last longer than that of the current cammie material, which will normally fade in six months.

Apple Firm Strategy Analysis Essay

The firm I have chosen to analyze is Apple. Apple, officially called as Apple Inc. was founded on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steven Wojniak. It was incorporated on January 3, 1977. (Mohta, 2010) Apple designs and manufactures consumer products such as computers, laptops, tablets, phones and music players and computer software products such as Mac OS Operation System and iTunes. Over the past few years, Apple has gained a large customer base and been able to dominate the market share. Strategic frameworks such as Porters five forces and Strategic focus will help us in analyzing how Apple has managed to sustain its profits over a long period of time. Porter’s five forces framework Threat of Competition When it comes to computers, tablets and music players, Apple dominates the market share by a huge margin. The gross profit for Apple in the year 2012 is $65.64 billion whereas the gross profit for HP and Dell is $27.64 billion and $13.06 billion respectively. (Sparks, 2012) HP was unable to compete with Apple in the tablet market that it has started to consider focusing only on the computer industry. In the smartphone market, Samsung has by far been the biggest competitor for Apple. Samsung has 29.1% of the market share in the smartphone market whereas Apple only has 24.2 % of the market share. (Reisinger, 2012) Threat of new entrants Considering the large customer base Apple has, threat of new entrants is quite low. The new entrants have neither been able to match up to the quality of the Apple products nor to the sales volume held by Apple. Hence, if Apple continues to design and manufacture innovative products, it will be extremely difficult for new entrants to be able to compete with Apple. Threat of Substitutes When it comes to Apple’s hardware products, there are no substitutes as such that could replace it. However, when it comes to Apple’s software products such as the iTunes, which is the music store designed and developed by Apple for the purpose of purchasing and downloading music, there is a high possibility that the customers could look out for alternative sources for music such as limewire, youtube.com. (Mohta, 2010) Power of buyers Apple has always focused on hardware and software integration of its products. Hence, Apple customers end up owning more than one Apple product. As a result of this, switching costs are extremely high. Also, due to the fact that large sales volumes are promised by Apple to the carrier networks such as AT&T and Verizon, iPhones are sold to the customers at a subsidised rate. This is an indication that the carriers have very less buying power. (Sparks, 2012) Power of suppliers Apple has an advantage over its suppliers as it outsources most of its manufacturing and has also started producing its own supplies. Consequently, it also gives Apple a huge competitive advantage. (Term paper warehouse) Strategic focus framework The three value disciplines that are taken up for analyzing a company are: Operational Excellence Apple as a company is highly efficient when it comes to operational excellence. All the departments in the organization starting from the sales forecasting department to the Distributions department are synchronised with each other leading to a highly efficient supply chain. Also, Apple has a limited product line. (Lariviere, 2011) Hence, it is able to provide its complete focus on designing and manufacturing those products rather than drifting away from the organizations objective to sustain profits with a large number of product lines. Customer intimacy â€Å"Apple targets people. It focuses on users. And it lets them decide how and where they will use its products.† (Asay, 2010) Apple has always been a customer focused company where its main aim is to deliver high quality products to its customers. Product Leadership Apple has managed to be a leader in its industry because of the fact it has been able to design innovative products. It has initiated changes to which its competitors had to respond. For example, Apple revolutionised the Smartphone market by introducing the iPhone. Except for Samsung, no other competitor of Apple has been able to come up with a strategy to deviate market focus from Apple. In addition, Apple has always on the lookout for new products to design and new markets to enter. This strategy has led to Apple being a leader in its industry. References Asay. M. (2010). Apple Doesn’t target Markets. It Targets People. GIGAOM. Retrieved from: http://gigaom.com/2010/08/26/apple-doesnt-target-markets-it-targets-people/ Bargaining Power of Suppliers. Term Paper Warehouse. Retrieved from: http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/Bargaining-Power-Of-Suppliers/84367 Lariviere. M. (2011). Operations: Apple’s Secret Sauce? The Kellogg Insight. Retrieved from: http://operationsroom.wordpress.com/2011/11/04/operations-apples-secret-sauce/ Mohta, J. (2010). Poter’s 5 forces model case Apple Inc. Slideshare. Retrieved from: http://www.slideshare.net/jontymohta444/porters-5-forces-model-case-apple-inc Reisinger, D. (2012). Samsung Pulling away from Apple in smartphone market. CNET. Retrieved from: http://news.cnet.com/8301-1035_3-57424779-94/samsung-pulling-away-from-apple-in-smartphone-market/ Sparks, D. (2012). Competing with Apple is No Fun. The Motley Fool. Retrieved from: http://beta.fool.com/danielsparks/2012/09/03/apple-2012-50-growth/10776/ Spartanski. (2009). Case Study Apple Inc. Slideshare. Retrieved from: http://www.slideshare.net/Spartanski/case-study-apple-inc-2008

My Understanding Of A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young...

Reading and exploring various literary pieces can be an interesting task for the young mind. By observing myself and my peers I have developed an opinion, this opinion was reinforced by reading How to Read Literature Like a Professor by Thomas Foster. There are different stages of comprehension. Authors and readers utilize both experiences and prior knowledge quite often. My understanding of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man By James Joyce was vastly impacted after reading Foster’s book. Instead of just reading the novel, I dove deeper into the text. Originally I might have just said the novel was simply a sort of biography. Instead I would consider it a search of identity and transformation of religious/spiritual perspective. Prior†¦show more content†¦Although this is its own story, it is nothing new. Considering the idea that everything is apart of one story, it is more of a symbiotic relationship. When you boil down the facts it is easier: young person, feels â€Å"special†, wants satisfaction, falls to temptations, questions moral upbringing. Sound familiar? It s basically 95% of teenagers. I find comfort in the thought that everything in the world is interconnected, but I never made that connection with literature. When a reader discerns the individuality of the text while relating with personal experience, the reading gains value. It is no secret that Joyce is a master of symbolism and allusion. The first stage of comprehension is to see as much information as possible. Next a reader learns how to pick out more important facts. You know you are getting somewhere when you notice rhetorical devices while continuing to absorb the pleasure of the story. Foster talks about how acts of communion are meaningful and representative in stories. Joyce always makes a point to describe the meal and table. He makes it evident down to the green and maroon accents. The untrained mind would have frivolously skimmed over the colors, even though they represent the irish resistance and symbolize the state of politics at the time. Likewise he alludes to the bible a multitude of times. The bible names many of the tribulations to which humans are subjected to in their lifetimes. This vastShow MoreRelated Stephens Journey to Maturation in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce 1234 Words   |  5 PagesMaturation i n A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce    In A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, the author James Joyce uses the development of Stephen from a sensitive child to a rebellious young man to develop the plot of the novel. 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